Key Takeaways
- Night terrors often happen with yelling and violent movements, and the person doesn’t remember them.
- If you or an adult has night terrors, discuss it with a doctor as it may point to a more serious issue.
- Reducing stress and keeping a sleep schedule can help lessen night terrors.
If you have witnessed a loved one suddenly wake up screaming, you know how disorienting and concerning it can be. Likewise, if you have woken up screaming yourself, you may feel at a loss about what to do, and what this means for you.
Usually people who wake up screaming are doing so because they are experiencing a night terror. Night terrors are a kind of sleep disorder that are common in children, but quite rare in adults.
Let’s take a look at what night terrors are, what they look like, what causes them, and what to do if you or a loved one is experiencing them.
What Are Night Terrors?
Night terrors (sometimes referred to as “sleep terrors” or “pavor nocturnus” are a kind of parasomnia, or a sleep disorder. Usually, night terrors occur in non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is when you are in a state between dreaming and waking.
People who experience night terrors are not fully conscious when this happens and don’t usually remember it happening. So, if you are searching for “I wake up screaming,” you are likely doing so because you’ve been told that you do this, not because you are aware of this behavior while it is happening.
Night terrors can last from 20 minutes to upwards of 45 to 90 minutes. The disorder is fairly common in children, from preschool age to puberty. However, it’s far less common in adults, with only about 1 to 4% of adults experiencing it.
Night Terrors vs. Nightmares
Some people think of night terrors and nightmares as one in the same thing. But there are several distinct differences between the two:
- People who have nightmares usually remember what happened, whereas people who have night terrors usually have no memory of the incident
- Nightmares involve scary and unsettling dreams, but night terrors don’t happen while dreaming
- Nightmares are usually triggered by an upsetting experience or a scary movie, but the triggers of night terrors are usually harder to trace
What Are the Symptoms of Night Terrors?
Night terrors usually happen toward the beginning of the night, between the hours of 12 a.m. and 2 a.m. Symptoms can come on suddenly, and out of the blue.
Common signs include:
- Sudden wake ups that involve yelling and screaming
- The person who is having the night terror may thrash about and exhibit violent movements
- Night terrors cause the heart rate to increase and may involve sweating and hyperventilating
- You may notice that the person who is having the night terror has dilated pupils
- The person having the night terror may have a look of fear or alarm on their face
- Although people who have night terrors don’t usually remember them, they may experience feelings of shame or embarrassment once they find out
- People who experience night terror may also sleepwalk, as sleepwalking is also a common parasomnia
What Causes Night Terrors?
There are several different causes of night terrors. Usually night terrors have more than one cause, and it’s not always possible to pinpoint what the cause, or causes, are.
Some possible causes and risk factors for night terrors include:
- Night terrors may be genetic, as they tend to run in families
- Night terrors are more likely during times of illness and when you have a fever
- Night terrors can happen when you are sleep deprived or especially exhausted
- Increased or excessive physical activity can cause night terrors
- Times of emotional conflict and heightened stress may make you vulnerable to night terrors
- Large amounts of caffeine and alcohol consumption can trigger night terrors
- Health issues may increase the risk of night terrors, including head injuries, thyroid issues, and encephalitis (inflammation in the brain)
- Medications that you are taking may increase your risk of having a night terror
- Having another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea, may make you more likely to experience night terrors
Night Terrors in Children vs. Adults
Night terrors tend to be a childhood occurrence—30% of children will experience a night terror. If your child is experiencing night terrors, you should speak to their pediatrician to rule out anything more serious. But for the most part, night terrors are something that children outgrow on their own, by the time they are 10 years old or so, or when they’ve moved beyond puberty.
On the other hand, night terrors are quite rare in adults. Sometimes, night terrors in adults suggest a neurological disorder, so it’s important to follow up with your healthcare provider if you experience night terrors. Adults who experience night terrors also may be working through trauma or other emotional upset.
Research has found that night terrors past the childhood years are also associated with sleep disorders, neuroses, and psychiatric disorders. Adults who have night terrors are more likely to live with depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety.
Treatment for Night Terrors
Waking up screaming from a night terror can be a very distressing experience, whether you are doing it yourself or witnessing a loved one doing it. But help is out there, and there are ways to minimize night terrors.
If your child is experiencing night terrors, you should speak to their pediatrician. Usually, if your child is only experiencing them infrequently and isn’t harming themselves, your pediatrician will take a “wait and see” approach, since most instances of night terrors dissipate on their own. However, in some cases, your pediatrician will want to do a sleep study to rule out any serious sleep disorders.
Most of the time, though, all that’s needed is for you to remain calm while your child has a night terror, and comfort them as needed. Reducing stress and ensuring that your child gets enough sleep can reduce occurrences. Occasionally, therapy for your child and/or medication will be indicated.
Sleep disorders in adults need to be taken seriously, because they are so rare and because they may indicate a more serious medical or mental health condition. If you are experiencing night terrors as an adult, you should make a prompt appointment with a sleep specialist or a psychiatrist.
Treating night terrors in adults involves understanding the root causes, which may mean undergoing a sleep study in a sleep lab or undergoing an evaluation with a psychiatrist.
If a sleep disorder isn’t diagnosed, and psychiatric causes are ruled out, then simple lifestyle changes may help reduce occurrences of night terrors.
These may include:
- Practicing smart sleep hygiene
- Getting enough sleep overall
- Limiting caffeine and alcohol before bed
- Decreasing stress, especially before going to sleep
- Keeping a consistent sleep and waking schedule
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
American Sleep Association. Night Terrors: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments.
Van Horn N, Street M. Night Terrors. StatPearls Publishing. 2022.
National Library of Medicine. Night terrors in children.
American Sleep Association. Night Terrors: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments.
Mazarakis T. A case of adult night terrors. Tzu Chi Medical Journal. 2014;26(3):138-140. doi:10.1016/j.tcmj.2013.11.001
Gau S, Soong W. Psychiatric Comorbidity of Adolescents with Sleep Terrors or Sleepwalking: A Case-Control Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;13(5). doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00610.x
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback?
Helpful
Report an Error
Other
